Budgeting
SEE ALSO: Low-cost social marketing

Budget Worksheet, fragment. Budget Worksheet

CCH Business Owners Toolkit is a website for small businesses with free templates and business information for planning activity start-ups, marketing, hiring and budgeting. Downloadable checklists, model business plans, forms and other documents: http://www.toolkit.cch.com

Costs for promotional items: Promo_Items_Cost_Sheet.pdf

Expense Portion of Budget Expense Portion of Budget

GuideStar houses a database of more than 700,000 U.S. non-profit organizations where you may be able to find sample budgets, timelines, activity charts, etc. http://www.guidestar.org

The Foundation Center’s Learning Lab, Proposal Budgeting Basics, go to: http://fdncenter.org/washington/pbbdc.html for information about this resource and a short proposal writing course http://fdncenter.org/washington/pwbdc.html


Coalitions/partnerships: Specific partners
SEE ALSO: Contractors/consultants and also Strategy/planning: Planning frameworks in the categorized index

The following are some of the national consumer organizations and professional associations can help you identify data, best practices, local affiliates and colleagues with successful programs:


Contractors/consultants

Find a marketing research consultants, vendors, and/or focus group facilities through the following organizations and websites:

HRSA, "Choosing and Using an External Evaluator": Evaluation_Guide.pdf

Tips for working with an ad agency: Ad_Agency_Tips.pdf

Vendor Checklist for recruiting an appropriate vendor to conduct research: SOC_VendorChecklist.pdf


Creative briefs

Epilepsy campaign: Creative_Brief_Epilepsy.pdf

Flu shot: DB_Flu_Shot_Creative_Brief.pdf

Teens and HIV (PMI): SOC_PMI-Creative_Brief.pdf


Cultural competence
SEE ALSO: Health disparities in the categorized index

CSAP Technical Assistance Bulletin (1994), Guidelines to assess cultural competence in program design, application, and management: SOC_Cultural_Competence.pdf

Hablamos Juntos: Improving Patient-Provider Communication for Latinos http://www.hablamosjuntos.org/default.about.asp
HRSA, Office of Minority Health Provides links to resources and data on health disparities and cultural competence. http://www.omhrc.gov

Kaiser Family Foundation.  Compendium of Cultural Competence Initiatives in Health Care. The compendium includes initiatives from 1990 onward, divided into two categories: Public Sector Initiatives and Private Sector Initiatives. http://www.kff.org/uninsured/6067-index.cfm


Ethics

American Marketing Association. Code of ethics. SOC_ama_suggested_core_reading.pdf

Andreasen, A. & Drumwright, M.E. (2000) Alliances and ethics in social marketing. http://www.social-marketing.org/papers/allianceJan2000.html

Bloom, P.N. & Novelli. W.D. (1981). "Problems and Challenges of Social Marketing." Journal of Marketing 45:79-88.

Brown, W. J., & Singhal, A. (1990). Ethical dilemmas of prosocial television. Communication Quarterly, 38 (3), 268-280.  

DHHS, Office of Human Subjects Research Protections provides information about reviewing research proposals for the ethical treatment of human participants. http://www.hhs.gov/ohrp/

Guttman, N. (1997). Beyond strategic research: A value centered approach to health communication interventions. Communication Theory, 7, 95-124.

Murphy, P.E., Laczniak, G.R., Bowie, N.E., & Thomas A. Klein (2005) Ethical Marketing, Prentice-Hall, Inc. 


Health and media literacy

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). Literacy and Health Outcomes. April 2004.

Bobby approval is a free online service allowing you to test single pages of web content for accessibility.  http://webxact.watchfire.com

CDC. Scientific and Technical Information: Simply Put.

Center for Applied Special Technology (CAST) provides Universal Design resources at:  http://www.cast.org/research/udl/index.html

Department of Justice, Section 508 compliance: http://www.usdoj.gov/crt/508/

Guide for making print documents accessible to persons with disabilitiesAccessible_Print_Docs.pdf

Health Literacy

Healthy People 2010 objective on health literacy and strategies for measuring it, available at http://odphp.osophs.dhhs.gov/ projects/HealthComm/objective2.htm

HRSA's health literacy’s webpage; it links to a bibliography on health literacy prepared by the National Library of Medicine and to several other resources: http://ruralhealth.hrsa.gov/RHC/RHCHLR.htm

Institute of Medicine (2004) Health Literacy: A Prescription to End Confusion, National Academy of Science Press: Washington, DC, available online at: http://www.iom.edu/report.asp?id=19723

National Center for Education Statistics.  2003 National Assessment of Adult Literacy.http://nces.ed.gov/naal

Osborne, H. (2004) Health Literacy from A to Z: Practical Ways to Communicate Your Health Message. Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett.

Plain Language Action & Information Network. http://www.plainlanguage.gov

Reading level assessment formulas

Research Exchange Newsletter, tips for making print and web materials accessible to people with cognitive disabilities:  http://www.ncddr.org/du/researchexchange/v08n03/8 access.html

Rudd, J. and K. Glanz. (2002) How Individuals Use Information for Health Action: Consumer Information Processing, in K. Glanz, F.M. Lewis, and B.K. Rimer (eds.) Health Behavior and Health Education: Theory, Research, and Practice, John Wiley & Sons.

SPRY Foundation’s guide for creating user-friendly websites "Older Adults and the World Wide Web," SOC_website_creators_guide.pdf

Writing for Adults with Limited Reading Skills. Guidelines and information on knowing the audience, deciding on and organizing the message(s), illustration, formatting, pretesting, and readability. Access these guidelines at http://www.cyfernet.org/research/writeadult.html

Low-cost social marketing

Andreasen, A. R. (2002). Marketing Research That Won’t Break the Bank. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Brookes, R.  Social Marketing on a shoestring budget.  60-minute video available at: http://www.turningpointprogram.org/toolkit/content/t2b2.htm; Handouts on accompanying talk available at: http://www.albany.edu/sph/coned/t2b2shoestring.htm

Breen. G. E. & A. B. Blankenship (1998). Do-It-Yourself Marketing Research (3rd ed.). Replica Books.

Murphy, R.  (1999) Guerilla social marketing with limited funds and staff.  Abstract #242. http://www.aegis.com/conferences/nhivpc/1999/242.pdf

Weinreich, N.K. (1999) On social marketing: A step-by-step guide.  Sage publications.

Message development: Message mapping

Covering Kids, "Developing Social Marketing Messages": CV_Covering_Kids.pdf

Designing Health Messages: Approaches from Communication Theory and Public Health Practice. Maibach, E., and R. L. Parrott (Eds.) (1995). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

Message mapping: New EPA guide for effective communication in crisis situations. http://www.epa.gov/ord/NRMRL/news/news012006.htm


Message development: Message framing
American Psychological Association (2005) To Motivate Healthy Behavior, It's Often Not What You Say, But How You Say It.  APA Online – Psychology Matters. This article includes a good list of research and related resources: http://www.psychologymatters.org/messageframing.html
Bales, S.N. (2003) The Storytelling Power of Numbers This article for a non-technical audience explains how framing is used to more effectively convey the facts and figures of a story. http://www.frameworksinstitute.org/products/ issue25framing.shtml
Frameworks Institute.  A variety of supporting documentation, tools, examples and articles about the use of framing. http://www.frameworksinstitute.org
Meyerowitz, B.E., & Chaiken, S. (1987). The effect of message framing on breast self-examination attitudes, intention, and behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 500-510.
Rothman, A. J. & Salovey, P. (1997) Shaping Perceptions to Motivate Healthy Behavior: The Role of Message Framing.  Psychological Bulletin, 121 (1), 3-19. http://72.14.203.104/search?q=cache:7lUhc0gaQMkJ:research.yale.edu/heblab/pdf/Rothman%26Salovey.PsychBull.1997.pdf
Rothman, A.J., Salovey, P., Antone, C. Keough, K., & Martin, C.D. (1993). The influence of message framing on intentions to perform health behaviors. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 29, 408-433.

Message development: Message tailoring

Black, D.R., C.L Blue, K. Kosmoski, and D.C. Coster. (2000). Social marketing: Developing a tailored message for a physical activity program. American Journal of Health Behavior 24(5), 323-337.

Kreuter, M. W., Farrell, D., Olevitch, L., & Brennan, L. (2000). What is tailored communication? In J. Bryant and D. Zillmann (Eds.). Tailoring health messages: Customizing communication with computer technology (pp. 1-23). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Association.


Policy/structural

Ahrens, D., Paul, M.S., Uebelher, M.A., Remington, P.L. (2005) Evaluation of community and organizational characteristics of smoke-free ordinance campaigns in 15 Wisconsin cities.  Prevention of Chronic Disease, July, http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/jul/04_0136.htm

Aidala, A., Cross, J.E., Stall, R., Harre, D., Sumartojo, E. (2005). Housing status and HIV risk behaviors: Implications for prevention and policy.  AIDS and Behavior, 9(3), 251-265.

Alliance for Justice. Being A Player: A Guide to the IRS Lobbying Regulations for Advocacy Charities. http://www.afj.org

Alliance for Justice. E-Advocacy for Nonprofits: The Law of Lobbying and Election-Related Activity on the Net. http://www.afj.org

Andreasen, A. R. (2006) Social Marketing in the 21st Century. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

Policy Options An overview of policy options to change health behaviors. Public Health Problems.pdf

Sumartojo, E., Doll, L., Holtgrave, D., Gayle, H., Merson, M. (2000) Enriching the mix: Incorporating structural factors into HIV prevention.  AIDS, June 14 Suppl 1:S1-2.


Social marketing: Books/chapters

Andreasen, A.R. (1995). Marketing Social Change: Changing Behavior to Promote Health, Social Development, and the Environment. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Donovan, R. & Henley, N. (2003) Social Marketing:  Principles and Practice.  Melbourne, Australia:  IP Publications. 2003.

Fine, S.H. (1981). The Marketing of Ideas and Social Issues. New York: Praeger.

Goldberg, M.E., M. Fishbein and S.E. Middlestadt (Eds) (1997). Social Marketing: Theoretical and Practical Perspectives. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers.

Kotler, P., N. Roberto, and N. Lee (2002). Social Marketing: Improving the Quality of Life. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. Order from http://www.sagepublications.com

Lefebvre, R.C., and J.A. Flora (1988)."Social Marketing and Public Health Intervention." Health Education Quarterly 15:299-315.

Manoff, R.K. (1986). Social Marketing: New Imperative for Public Health. New York: Praeger.

Novelli, W.D. (1984). "Developing Marketing Programs." In L.W. Frederiksen, L.J. Solomon, and K.A. Brehony (Eds.) Marketing Health Behavior: Principles, Techniques and Applications. New York: Plenum Press.

Philip Kotler, Ned Roberto, Nancy Lee. (2002). Social Marketing:  Improving the Quality of Life.  Thousand Oaks, CA:  Sage Publications.

Siegel, M. & Donner, L. (1998) Marketing Public Health.  Gaithersburg, MD: Aspen Publishers, Inc. 

Walsh, D.C., R.E. Rudd, B.A. Moeykens, T.W. Moloney (1993). Social Marketing for Public Health, Health Affairs 12:104-119.

Weinreich, N.K. (1999) Hands-On Social Marketing:  a step-by-step guide. Thousand Oaks, CA:  Sage Publications.


Social marketing: Journals

Journal of Health Communication
Taylor and Francis
325 Chestnut Street, Suite 800
Philadelphia, PA 19106
Subscription:  $98.00/year
http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/titles/10810730.html

Social Marketing Quarterly
Taylor and Francis
325 Chestnut Street, Suite 800
Philadelphia, PA 19106
Subscription:  $30.00/year
http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/titles/15245004.html

Social marketing: Documents (PDFs, journal articles, etc.)

American Journal of Health Behavior. (2000). 24(1). The whole issue is dedicated to social marketing.

Andreasen, Alan R. (2002). Marketing social marketing in the social change marketplace. Journal of Public Policy & Marketing, Spring 2002, (21)1, 3-13.

Bloom, P.N. and Novelli. W.D. (1981). Problems and Challenges of Social Marketing. Journal of Marketing 45:79-88.

Eta Sigma Gamma. (2004). The Health Education Monograph Series, 21(1). The whole monograph is dedicated to social marketing.

G. D. Wiebe. (1951). Merchandising commodities and citizenship on television.  Public Opinion Quarterly, 15, 679-691.

Kotler, Philip, and Gerald Zaltman. (1971). Social marketing: An approach to planned behavior change.  Journal of Marketing, 35, 3-12.

Lefebvre, R.C., and J.A. Flora (1988). "Social Marketing and Public Health Intervention." Health Education Quarterly 15:299-315.

Neiger, Brad L., Rosemary Thackeray, Michael D. Barnes and James F. McKenzie. (2003). Postioning social marketing as a planning process for health education.  American Journal of Health Studies, 18, 2/3, 75-81.i

Quinn, G., Albrecht, T., Marshall, R., & Akintobi, T.H. (2005). Thinking like a marketer:  Training for a shift in the mindset of the public health workforce.  Health Promotion Practice, 6(2), 157-163.

Walsh, D.C., R.E. Rudd, B.A. Moeykens, T.W. Moloney (1993). Social Marketing for Public Health, Health Affairs 12:104-119.


Social marketing: Conference

Social Marketing in Public Health Annual Conference
Contact:
Office of Continuing Education
University of South Florida College of Public Health
888-USF-COPH (press “2” for direct link to CE Unit)
Access registration information at:
http://www.cme.hsc.usf.edu/coph/smph/index.html


Strategy/planning: Sample plans and strategies

Benton Foundation (2001) Think it Through http://www.benton.org/publibrary/toolkits/thinkthru.html

Boss, L. P., and Suarez, L. (1990). Uses of data to plan cancer prevention and control programs. Public Health Reports, 105, 354-360.

Communication plan for epilepsy: Epilepsy_Communication_Plan.pdf

Commmunication plan for California’s Project LEAN: CV_LEAN_Communication_Plan.pdf

Examples of mixing communication channels. Activity_Types.pdf

Minnesota Youth Tobacco Prevention Initiative, Communication Planning Kit: CV_MN_Communication_Plan_ Resources_Kit.pdf

National Infant Immunization Week: Tool for planning activities IM_NIIWplantool.pdf

Plan for DES campaign: DES_Campaign_Plan.pdf

Prospect Associates (2001) Diabetes and Flu/Pneumococcal Campaign strategies: DB_2000_Strategic_Plan.pdf

Strategic Questions SOC_strategic_questions.pdf

SWOT Strategic Planning Process Worksheet: http://www.nnh.org/tobacco/appe-5-2.htm

White House National Youth Anti-Drug Media Campaign, Communication strategy: http://www.mediacampaign.org/publications/strat statement/contents.html


Strategy/planning: Planning how-to

Aaker, D.A. (2001). Strategic Marketing Management (6th ed.). John Wiley & Sons.

AMC Cancer Research Center (1994). Beyond the Brochure: Alternative Approaches to Effective Health Communication, Denver, CO: Beyond_the_Brochure.pdf

CDC (1995). Guidelines: General Considerations Regarding Health Education and Risk Reduction Activities: SOC_Guidelines-Health_Ed_Risk_Reduction.pdf

Moore, J., and W.D. Wells. (1991). R.O.I. Guidebook: Planning for Relevance, Originality and Impact in Advertising and Other Marketing Communications. DDB Needham Worldwide, Chicago.

National Cancer Institute (2004).  Making Health Communications Program Work: A Planner’s Guide, http://www.cancer.gov/pinkbook

Strategy/planning: Planning frameworks

Asset mapping.

CDC, List of Phases and Steps for the Social Marketing version of CDCynergy. CDCynergy Phase Step List

CDC, Planned Approach to Community Health (PATCH), is widely recognized as an effective model for planning, conducting, and evaluating community health promotion and disease prevention programs. The PATCH Guide is designed to be used by the local coordinator and contains "how to" information on the process, things to consider when adapting the process to your community, and sample overheads and handout materials. http://wonder.cdc.gov/wonder/prevguid/ p0000064/p0000064.asp

CDC, Applying Prevention Marketing: SOC_ApplyPMI.pdf

Chinman, M., Imm, P. & Wandersman, A.  (2004) Getting to Outcomes 2004 http://www.rand.org/pubs/technical_reports/TR101/index.html

Communication Initiative, summaries of frameworks and models that can guide and inform communication planning and review exercises: http://www.comminit.com/planning_models.html

Green, L. W. and M.W. Kreuter (1991). Health Promotion Planning: An Educational and Environmental Approach (2nd ed). Mountain View: Mayfield Publishing Company. Describes the Precede-Proceed Planning Model of health promotion programs. To access further information about Precede-Proceed go to http://www.ihpr.ubc.ca/ProcedePrecede.html


Links to non-Federal organizations found in this listing are provided solely as a service to our users. These links do not constitute an endorsement of these organizations or their programs by CDC or the Federal Government, and none should be inferred. The CDC is not responsible for the content of the individual organization Web pages found at these links.