Breen, G. E., & Blankenship, A.B. (1998). Do-It-Yourself Marketing Research (3rd ed.). Replica Books.

CDC/National Center on Chronic Disease.  Inventory of qualitative research on nutrition and physical activity.   http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dnpa/qualitative research/index.htm

DHHS.  Prevention Communication Research Database includes findings from audience research on health problems with behavioral causes. http://www.health.gov/communication/

Flu focus group reports for African American, Hispanic, and Caucasian audiences: IM_Flu_Focus_Groups.pdf

Gettleman, L. (2000). Using focus groups to develop a heart disease prevention program for ethnically diverse, low income women. J of Community Health, 25(6), 439-453.

Goodman, R.M., & Wandersman, A. (1994). FORECAST: A formative approach to evaluating community coalitions and community-based initiatives, Journal of Community
Psychology, Special issue: 6-25.

Kaiser Family Foundation.  For public opinions about health topics, search the Kaiser Network’s health poll archives at http://www.kaisernetwork.org

Lifestyle Data. A number of commercial market research firms regularly collect consumer lifestyle data, such as consumer products purchased and media outlets watched or read by audience segment. Most of these data sets must be purchased, and some allow you to pay to add questions to their regularly scheduled surveys. Here are some firms:

• Arbitron tracks media viewership: http://www.arbitron.com
• Claritas has links to most of the other consumer surveys: http://www.claritas.com
• Simmons Market Research Bureau surveys households, adults, teens, children, and Hispanics: http://www.smrb.com
• SRI Consulting Business Intelligence conducts a Values and Lifestyle Survey: http://www.sric-bi.com/VALS/
• Teen Research Unlimited (TRU) conducts a semiannual teen survey: http://www.teenresearch.com/
  
• CDC prepared this summary of some of these databases: Databases.pdf
• Prizm lifestyle data. Using data for planning vaccination program: Prism_Vaccine.pdf
• Porter-Novelli conducts the HealthStyles survey: Healthstyles.pdf and Healthstyles_Resource_Kit.pdf

Myllyluoma, J., et al. (2000). Assessing community-wide outcomes of prevention marketing campaigns through telephone surveys, Social Marketing Quarterly, 6(1):23-32.

Roper Center for Public Opinion Research: http://www.ropercenter.uconn.edu

University of California San Francisco, Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, Good Questions/Better Answers: A Formative Research Handbook for California HIV Prevention Programs http://www.caps.ucsf.edu/goodquestions/

CDC/Office of Communication.  Slide presentation containing information about the process of audience segmentation. Note that the phases described are from Basic CDCynergy and not CDCynergy Social Marketing Edition. CV_Audsegslides.pdf

Criteria for segmentation selection matrix for an exercise campaign: Segmentation_Matrix.pdf

Health Canada.  Market segmentation http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/ahc-asc/activit/marketsoc/tools-outils/sec2-segment/index_e.html

Frankenberger, K., and A.S. Sukhdial (1994). Segmenting Teens for AIDS Preventive Behaviors with Implications for Marketing Communications. Journal of Public Policy and Marketing 13(1):133-150.

Johns Hopkins University Center for Communication Programs. Chapter 2: Audience Segmentation.  In: A field guide to designing a health communication strategy. http://www.jhuccp.org/pubs/fg/02/04-chapter2.pdf

John, J., & Miaoulis, G. (1992). A Model for Understanding Benefit Segmentation in Preventive Health Care. Health Care Management Review, 17(2):21-32.

Plummer, J. (1984-85). How Personality Makes a Difference, Journal of Advertising Research, 24, 27-31.

Folic Acid campaign: FA_Audience_Profile.pdf

Hepatitis C campaign: Hep_C_Matrix_Profile.pdf

Hispanics/Latinos for Diabetes DB_Hispanic_Latino_and_Diabetes-Audience_Profile.pdf

Preteens, see Life's_First_Great_Crossroads.pdf

Prevention Marketing Initiative Sacramento Demonstration Site: SOC_SacProfile.pdf

Find a marketing research consultants, vendors, and/or focus group facilities through the following organizations and websites:

• Qualitative Research Consultants Association: http://www.qrca.org
• Council of American Survey Research Organizations: http://www.casro.org
• Marketing Research Association: http://www.MRA-NET.org
• Research Info: http://www.researchinfo.com
• American Marketing Association:  http://www.marketingpower.com
• http://www.greenbook.org
• http://www.bluebook.org
• http://www.quirks.com

HRSA, "Choosing and Using an External Evaluator": Evaluation_Guide.pdf

Tips for working with an ad agency: Ad_Agency_Tips.pdf

Vendor Checklist for recruiting an appropriate vendor to conduct research: SOC_VendorChecklist.pdf

CSAP Technical Assistance Bulletin (1994), Guidelines to assess cultural competence in program design, application, and management: SOC_Cultural_Competence.pdf

Kaiser Family Foundation.  Compendium of Cultural Competence Initiatives in Health Care. The compendium includes initiatives from 1990 onward, divided into two categories: Public Sector Initiatives and Private Sector Initiatives. http://www.kff.org/uninsured/6067-index.cfm

American Marketing Association. Code of ethics. SOC_ama_suggested_core_reading.pdf

Andreasen, A. & Drumwright, M.E. (2000) Alliances and ethics in social marketing. http://www.social-marketing.org/papers/allianceJan2000.html

Bloom, P.N. & Novelli. W.D. (1981). "Problems and Challenges of Social Marketing." Journal of Marketing 45:79-88.

Brown, W. J., & Singhal, A. (1990). Ethical dilemmas of prosocial television. Communication Quarterly, 38 (3), 268-280.  

DHHS, Office of Human Subjects Research Protections provides information about reviewing research proposals for the ethical treatment of human participants. http://www.hhs.gov/ohrp/

Guttman, N. (1997). Beyond strategic research: A value centered approach to health communication interventions. Communication Theory, 7, 95-124.

Murphy, P.E., Laczniak, G.R., Bowie, N.E., & Thomas A. Klein (2005) Ethical Marketing, Prentice-Hall, Inc. 

Agency of Toxic Substances and Disease Registry For an example of news coverage that stirs public attention, view the website of the Agency of Toxic Substances and Disease Registry to find out more about the health effects of substances in the environment. http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov

Evans D, A Ulasevich, F Stillman, V Viswanathan (2005). Tracking and evaluation of trends in print media. In F. Stillman and W. Trochim (Eds.), Evaluation of Project ASSIST: A Blueprint for State-Level Tobacco Control. National Cancer Institute Press: Bethesda, MD.

Media Audit. Example of a media audit to track the press’ coverage of arthritis: Mash.pdf

Media contact log: DB_Media_log.pdf

Media tracking report Media_Tracking_Report.pdf

News Media Searches.  Use free search engines or hire additional capacity.  Several organizations (e.g., Factiva and Lexis/Nexis) provide media searches for a fee.

• http://www.factiva.com
• http://www.lexisnexis.com

Steele, W.R., Mebane, F., Viswanath, K., & Solomon, J. (2005) News media coverage of a women’s health controversy: How newspapers and TV outlets covered a recent debate over screening mammography. Women’s Health, 41, 83-97.

Tracking media: Media_Analysis_Example1.pdf

CSAP Technical Assistance Bulletin (1994). You Can Increase Your Media Coverage: SOC_Media_Coverage.pdf

Diabetes campaign’s guide to working with the media: DB_mediaguide.pdf

Folic Acid. Media kit from folic acid campaign: Folic_Media_Kit.pdf

Media work plan for immunization campaign - sample: IM_wrk_plan_Mediaand.pdf

Media spokeperson skills: Speaker_Skills.pdf

Media strategy - sample: Media_Strategy.pdf

Sample letter to a newspaper public service director: DB_Hispanic_PSA_Letters.pdf

Sample letter to a newspaper/magazine health editor: DB_AfrA_Family_Reunion_Letter_to_Health_Editor.pdf

Sample media advisory: DB_AfrA_Family_Reunion_Media_Advisory_Template.pdf

Sample local press release: DB_Local_Press_Release.pdf

Talking points. Sample talking points on condom effectiveness and on asbestos:

• Talking_Points.pdf
• Asbestos_Talking_Points.pdf

Template: A letter to the media: DB_Letter_to_Media_Template.pdf

Benton Foundation, a website that offers internet-oriented profiles, resources and tools to help you implement your plans for advocacy, building community, creating partnerships, and reaching your audience: http://www.benton.org/publibrary/toolkits/implementation.html

California Department of Health Services (2000), The California Smokers’ Helpline: A Case Study", SOC_HelplineCaseStudy.pdf

Center for Medicare Education (2002), "Setting up a Hotline," SOC_Setting_up_a_Hotline.pdf

National Coalition of Hispanic Health and Human Services Organizations (1996). Theater as a Tool for Prevention: Play-Script.pdf

Ahrens, D., Paul, M.S., Uebelher, M.A., Remington, P.L. (2005) Evaluation of community and organizational characteristics of smoke-free ordinance campaigns in 15 Wisconsin cities.  Prevention of Chronic Disease, July, http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/jul/04_0136.htm

Aidala, A., Cross, J.E., Stall, R., Harre, D., Sumartojo, E. (2005). Housing status and HIV risk behaviors: Implications for prevention and policy.  AIDS and Behavior, 9(3), 251-265.

Alliance for Justice. Being A Player: A Guide to the IRS Lobbying Regulations for Advocacy Charities. http://www.afj.org

Alliance for Justice. E-Advocacy for Nonprofits: The Law of Lobbying and Election-Related Activity on the Net. http://www.afj.org

Andreasen, A. R. (2006) Social Marketing in the 21st Century. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

Policy Options An overview of policy options to change health behaviors. Public Health Problems.pdf

Sumartojo, E., Doll, L., Holtgrave, D., Gayle, H., Merson, M. (2000) Enriching the mix: Incorporating structural factors into HIV prevention.  AIDS, June 14 Suppl 1:S1-2.

Broughton, W. (1991). Qualitative methods in program evaluation, American Journal of Health Promotion 5(5):346-354.

California Department of Health Services, "Using Case Studies to do Program Evaluation", SOC_Evaluation-Using_case_studies.pdf

Crabtree, B.F., and W.L. Miller (Eds) (1999). Doing Qualitative Research (2nd ed.). Corwin Press.

Debus, M. (1988). The Handbook for Excellence in Focus Group Research, prepared for the US Agency for International Development, Porter/Novelli and Academy for Educational Development, Washington, DC. Order from http://www.aed.org

Focus Group Summary. Summary report of focus groups with providers: IM_FGsurvey.pdf

Gettleman, L. (2000). Using focus groups to develop a heart disease prevention program for ethnically diverse, low income women. Journal of Community Health, 25(6), 439-453.

Kreuger RA & Casey MA (2000) Focus Groups 3rd Edition: A practical guide for applied research. Thousand Oaks CA, Sage Publications

Morgan, C.  Using the focus group in market research.  http://www.b2binternational.com/whitepapers8.htm

Qualitative research websites: http://www.nova.edu/ssss/QR/web.html

Andreasen, A.R. (1995). Marketing Social Change: Changing Behavior to Promote Health, Social Development, and the Environment. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Fine, S.H. (1981). The Marketing of Ideas and Social Issues. New York: Praeger.

Goldberg, M.E., M. Fishbein and S.E. Middlestadt (Eds) (1997). Social Marketing: Theoretical and Practical Perspectives. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers.

Kotler, P., N. Roberto, and N. Lee (2002). Social Marketing: Improving the Quality of Life. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. Order from http://www.sagepublications.com

Lefebvre, R.C., and J.A. Flora (1988)."Social Marketing and Public Health Intervention." Health Education Quarterly 15:299-315.

Manoff, R.K. (1986). Social Marketing: New Imperative for Public Health. New York: Praeger.

Novelli, W.D. (1984). "Developing Marketing Programs." In L.W. Frederiksen, L.J. Solomon, and K.A. Brehony (Eds.) Marketing Health Behavior: Principles, Techniques and Applications. New York: Plenum Press.

Philip Kotler, Ned Roberto, Nancy Lee. (2002). Social Marketing:  Improving the Quality of Life.  Thousand Oaks, CA:  Sage Publications.

Siegel, M. & Donner, L. (1998) Marketing Public Health.  Gaithersburg, MD: Aspen Publishers, Inc. 

Walsh, D.C., R.E. Rudd, B.A. Moeykens, T.W. Moloney (1993). Social Marketing for Public Health, Health Affairs 12:104-119.

Weinreich, N.K. (1999) Hands-On Social Marketing:  a step-by-step guide. Thousand Oaks, CA:  Sage Publications.

Journal of Health Communication
Taylor and Francis
325 Chestnut Street, Suite 800
Philadelphia, PA 19106
Subscription:  $98.00/year
http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/titles/10810730.html

American Journal of Health Behavior. (2000). 24(1). The whole issue is dedicated to social marketing.

Andreasen, Alan R. (2002). Marketing social marketing in the social change marketplace. Journal of Public Policy & Marketing, Spring 2002, (21)1, 3-13.

Bloom, P.N. and Novelli. W.D. (1981). Problems and Challenges of Social Marketing. Journal of Marketing 45:79-88.

Eta Sigma Gamma. (2004). The Health Education Monograph Series, 21(1). The whole monograph is dedicated to social marketing.

G. D. Wiebe. (1951). Merchandising commodities and citizenship on television.  Public Opinion Quarterly, 15, 679-691.

Kotler, Philip, and Gerald Zaltman. (1971). Social marketing: An approach to planned behavior change.  Journal of Marketing, 35, 3-12.

Lefebvre, R.C., and J.A. Flora (1988). "Social Marketing and Public Health Intervention." Health Education Quarterly 15:299-315.

Neiger, Brad L., Rosemary Thackeray, Michael D. Barnes and James F. McKenzie. (2003). Postioning social marketing as a planning process for health education.  American Journal of Health Studies, 18, 2/3, 75-81.i

Quinn, G., Albrecht, T., Marshall, R., & Akintobi, T.H. (2005). Thinking like a marketer:  Training for a shift in the mindset of the public health workforce.  Health Promotion Practice, 6(2), 157-163.

Walsh, D.C., R.E. Rudd, B.A. Moeykens, T.W. Moloney (1993). Social Marketing for Public Health, Health Affairs 12:104-119.

Social Marketing in Public Health Annual Conference
Contact:
Office of Continuing Education
University of South Florida College of Public Health
888-USF-COPH (press “2” for direct link to CE Unit)
Access registration information at:
http://www.cme.hsc.usf.edu/coph/smph/index.html

Bandura, A. (1986). Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Social Cognitive Theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

Bartholomew, L.K., G.S. Parcel, G. Kok, and N.H. Gottlieb (eds.) (2006) Health Promotion Planning: An Intervention Mapping Approach. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.

Cole, G.E. (1999) Advancing the development and application of theory-based evaluation in the practice of public health.  American Journal of Evaluation, 20(3), 453-470.  Contains Intervention theory structuring guide: Intervention_Theory_Structuring_Guide.pdf

Cole, G.E., Holtgrave, D.R., Rios, N.M.  Internal and external factors or determinants that encourage or discourage health-related behaviors. Health_Behavior_Factors.pdf

Communication Initiative, Change Theories, summaries of theories and assumptions about the nature of change and how best change can be encouraged and facilitated to inform strategy development and evaluation initiatives: http://www.comminit.com/power_point/change theories/index.htm

Communication-relevant theory snapshots: Communication_Relevant_Theories.pdf

Consensus from influential behavior change theorists on a list of variables that predict HIV-related behavior change; the same factors apply to other voluntary behaviors, as discussed in Fishbein, et al., below.  Behavior_Consensus.pdf

DiClemente, R.J., Crosby, R.A., Kegler, M.C. (eds.) Emerging Theories in Health Promotion Practice and Research: Strategies for Improving Public Health. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Fishbein, M., Triandis, H. C., Kanfer, F. H., Becker, M., Middlestadt, S. E., Eichler, A. (2001). Factors influencing behavior and behavior change. In Baum, A. Revenson, T. A. and Singer, J. E. (Eds.), Handbook of health psychology (pp. 1-7). Mahwah, NJ:  Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. 

Gleckler, E., Longfield, K. & Zielinski-Gutierrez, E. (2000) Hybrid Behavioral Change Model. Homegrown example of a program in targeted communications that used a ‘hybrid’ of behavior change models. Louisiana Office of Public Health: SOC_behavior-change-hybrid.pdf

Green, L.W. & Kreuter, M.W. (2005) Health Promotion Planning: An Educational and Environmental Approach, 4th edition Mountain View, CA: Mayfield.

McAlister, A., P. Puska, P., J.T. Salonen, J. Tuomilehto, and K. Koskela (1982). Theory and Action for Health Promotion: Illustrations from the North Karelia Project, American Journal of Public Health, 72 ,43-50.

McGuire, W.J. (1989). Theoretical Foundations of Campaigns. In R.E. Rice and C.K. Atkin (Eds). Public Communications Campaigns. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications, 43-65.

McLeroy, K.R., Bibeau, D., Steckler, A., & Glanz, K. (1988). An ecological perspective on health promotion programs. Health Education Quarterly, 15(4), 351-377.

National Cancer Institute (2005) Theory at a Glance: A Guide for Health Promotion Practice, 2nd Edition. http://www.nci.nih.gov/theory/pdf

Prochaska, J. and C. DiClemente (1983). Stages and Processes of Self-Change in Smoking: Towards an Integrative Model of Change, J Olin Consult Psych 51:390-395.

Rogers, E. M. (1995) Diffusion of Innovations (4th ed.), New York: Free Press.

Ryder, M. Communication Theory Resources http://carbon.cudenver.edu/~mryder/itc/comm_theory.html